MBA in Annamalai University

Annamalai University is one of the most promising educational institutes that offer Master of Business Administration. Human resource management, International Business, Marketing Management etc are some of the courses offered by the university in MBA program.

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There are many regular courses along with executive courses. Executive courses are only offered for the higher officials working in different companies. The candidates who wish to get admitted in MBA should be an under graduate. The duration of this MBA is minimum 2 years and maximum 7 years. The syllabus will depend on the courses you want to take.

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The syllabus is mainly divided into two parts -- a first year syllabus and a second year syllabus. In the first year, the syllabus will be general. In the 2nd year, the syllabus will be classified like HR, finance or marketing. The syllabus changes according to the major sector you want to join in. The communication language is generally English but Tamil is also acceptable. Each year the university conducts written test for the MBA candidates. You have to pass written test to get your call for the interview. Then the university will consider you eligible for the MBA program. The written test is generally taken in March and the admission begins in May. There are three types of MBA programs, part time, full time and MBA from distance. In part time MBA, candidates must have minimum six years of work experience to meet the required criteria. The cost for MBA from distance is less than full time and part time MBA program. Annamalai University is a great place to get your MBA degree which will help you build your career as a successful business professional.

MBA in Annamalai University

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University Vs Community College

Is a university degree worth more than the paper it is written on? Many believe so, while others think you can get just as far if you have been to a community college. Let's weigh up some of the facts and see what the difference really is.

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While having a university degree doesn't guarantee employment, it certainly improves your chances. As those with a degree tend to go for careers in the higher earnings bracket, a good standard of living will be your reward for all those years of studying.

University

Living on campus and experiencing that whole student lifestyle is a major plus form going to college. As you still live at home when attending a community college, you are effectively missing out on one of the biggest adventures in your life.

This plays a big part in deciding to go to a university instead of a community college. The chance to live with others of the same age and be independent is inspiring. This is the making of a lot of kids, and the time when they become adults.

Another plus from going to university is the diversity of your fellow students. There could be people on your lecture from many different nations, all bringing their culture into the mix.

The only community colleges that have anywhere near this kind of diversity are the ones in the larger, multi ethnic cities. Like New York for example.

Community colleges tend to attract students from the local vicinity, so there isn't the diverse cultural mix that exists at universities. If you want to experience different cultures first hand, then living on campus with the students from those backgrounds is by far the best way to do it.

The evenings are a huge part of life at a university. They take great pride in the entertainment that they have to offer their students, and heading for a theater or an art exhibition with your peers is a great experience. This just doesn't exist at a community college, yes you can make new friends but it will just be like high school when you have to think up things to do.

University Vs Community College

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University Grants Commission (UGC) in India

From ancient times to the modern, India has been a treasure-trove of knowledge for travelers from all over the world. Taxila, Nalanda and Vikramsila universities were renowned centers of learning that attracted students from China, Korea, Tibet, Nepal, Burma (Myanmar) and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Higher education is something that has always occupied a centre stage in Indian culture since time immemorial.

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The present higher education system in India goes back to 1823 when Mountstuart Elphinstone came up with minutes on education that emphasized the need to set up schools that would teach English and European Sciences to Indian students. The phenomenal thrust, however, came after the much talked about Macaulay's minutes (1835) and Sir Charles Wood's Dispatch (also known as the "Magna Carta of English Education in India") in the year 1854 recommended a proper hierarchy in the educational system, right from primary classes to higher education in the universities. Consequently, the universities of Bombay (now Mumbai), Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Madras (now Chennai) were set up in 1857.

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In the year 1925, the Inter-University Board (Association of Indian universities) came into being with an aim to further educational, cultural and extra-curricular activities in the various universities across the country. However, the first attempt at establishing a nation-wide uniform system of higher education in India came with the Sargeant Report of 1944. The report recommended the formation of a University Grants Committee that would supervise the functions of three central universities - the Universities of Delhi, Banaras and Aligarh. Subsequently, in the year 1947, the committee was assigned the responsibility to look after all the Indian universities existing at that time.

The University Education Commission (which was established in 1948) recommended the formation of a University Grants Commission to be formulated on the lines of a similar body existing in the UK higher education system. Consequently, the commission was officially inaugurated on December 28, 1953 by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the then Minister of Education, Natural Resources and Scientific Research.

Over the years, the UGC established itself as a statutory body of the Indian government that takes care of the coordination and maintenance of norms of higher education in the country.

University Grants Commission (UGC) in India

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Top Universities in Singapore - NUS and NTU

Undoubtedly the top ranked universities in Singapore are NUS and NTU!

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National University of Singapore

University

National University of Singapore (NUS) is ranked 33 in the Times Higher Education Supplement's World University Rankings 2007.

According to the Financial Times (FT) 2006 EMBA ranking of the Top 85 EMBA programs, NUS Business School rises in rankings for Executive MBA programs to be among world's Top 29.
NUS Business School did extremely well in two of the sub-categories - it came out Top 5 for the categories of 'International Attendees', and 'Top Salaries in IT/ Telecommunications'.

According to the THES 2006 World Ranking in the field of technology, NUS Faculty of Engineering ranked 8th in the World's top 100 in Technology

According to the Newsweek Ranking of Global University, NUS is ranked 36th in the top 100 universities.

Nanyang Technological University

Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is the world's top 20 technological university!

According to the Times Higher Education Supplement's World University Rankings 2007, NTU is ranked 69 in the world.

The university has 2 campuses in Singapore: NTU at one-north campus and the Yunnan Garden campus. NTU at one-north campus is located next to Biopolis, the Singapore biomedical research hub. NTU has strong reputation overseas, linkages with world famous universities such as University of Washington, Stanford University, MIT, Cambridge, to name a few.

It offers undergraduate and graduate courses in Accountancy, Business, Communication Studies, Engineering, Science and Arts.

The university is recognized globally for its excellence in science and engineering. The College of Engineering is one of the world largest engineering colleges, with 6 engineering schools offering a variety of programs and specializations to meet the needs of many students.

It is also home to the National Institute of Education (NIE), which is the only teacher training institute in Singapore. NIE provides educational services to countries such as Indonesia and Saudi Arabia.

The College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences is the first Singapore professional art school offering courses in art, design and media.

Nanyang Business School (NBS) offers one of the world top 100 MBA programs. According to the Financial Times survey (published in Jan 2007), its MBA program is ranked Number 1 in Singapore and Number 2 in Asia.

Top Universities in Singapore - NUS and NTU

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What is a University of Phoenix Online Degree Actually Worth?

Any online degree probably cannot compete with a traditional university degree. Concentrated time spent on the campus in a face-to-face discussion setting is perhaps the best way of knowledge transfer, in spite of the advent of technology that can make physical presence of a classroom redundant!

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Being able to attend a regular class is, however, not possible for every student. You might not have the resources in the initial stages of life, and at a later point in life time might become a constraint. Hence, to complete your education, you need the flexibility of time and place and the convenience of doing it from anywhere in the world. The University of Phoenix is perhaps one of the best options available to you today. The University has earned repute for excellence and success. In fact, according to a student survey, there is 95 percent satisfaction level amidst students who earn their online degree from the University of Phoenix.

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The alumnae from the University of Phoenix have seen a marked increase in their marketability. They have been able to secure jobs that they desired, or have received promotions in their present jobs. Many full-time homemakers have been able to complete their education, which has helped them not only with their self esteem but has also prepared them for job markets once they decide to move out.

The flexibility offered by the University of Phoenix is a major advantage. Each course can be taken over a period of five to six weeks and students can take a break between courses. They do not have to be present for any classes and can review the downloaded learning material offline at their convenience. Additionally, the University of Phoenix Online education is recognized for most employer reimbursement plans. For these reasons among many others, the University of Phoenix is perhaps the best place to start looking for the means to fulfill your career goals.

What is a University of Phoenix Online Degree Actually Worth?

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Top Universities of Australia

Study in Australia is a sweet dream of most of the young ambitious people. Studying here is a unique experience which casts a magnetic spell over thousands of students. This land of kangaroos is not only famous for its cricket controversies rather more famous for its leading universities. Its world class universities and colleges cultivate the students with skills needed to give them an edge over others.

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In their quest to gain valuable skills, students from around two hundred countries have made Australia their home. If you are also planning to land in this dynamic environment of learning and innovation then read on. It will surely help you in opening doors for your bright future.

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Top Australian universities provide infinite opportunities and you can choose from a vast range of courses including traditional areas of learning and many vocational courses. All the Australian universities have their own areas of specialization. Since there are numerous universities in Australia, we will discuss three leading Australian universities in present article.

University of Ballarat:
This famous university of Australia is located in the city of Harbour bridge and opera house- Sydney. This is among the most advanced universities of Australia. This university has been a source of quality education for more than 130 years. University of Ballarat offers students a unique educational experience with its internationally recognized courses. University specializes in business management and information technology. Various courses offered by this university include undergraduate and post graduate courses in visual, performing arts and graphic designing, social sciences, education, hospitality, sports sciences, IT, nursing and science and engineering. Highly qualified staff boosts the skills of its students. It enables students to make a mark in their professional fields.

University of Canberra:
This world famous university is located in Canberra, the capital of Australia. The University was founded in 1967 as the Canberra College of Advanced Education. It was accredited as a university in 1990. The University has a single-campus and provides easy access to all facilities and services within the capital region.

University is famous for providing personal and individual attention to all students with its smaller classes. Main disciplines offered for Graduate, Undergraduate and Research students include law, journalism, advertising, information technology, biological sciences. University will launch following new courses in 2009- Bachelor of cultural heritage, Bachelor of cultural heritage conservation, Master of information studies (online), Bachelor of urban and regional planning.

This University inculcates in students essential communication skills, problem solving abilities and teamwork spirit. The courses are regularly updated to make sure that they match international trends. The University also offers financial aid and scholarships to international students.

Victoria University:
Founded in 1916 as Footscray Technical School it was named as Victoria University in 1990. Popularly known as VU, this tertiary education facility is located in Melbourne. There are more than 8500 international students in VU. This university offers both Higher Education and Technical and Further Education (TAFE).

It offers a wide range of 746 higher education and TAFE courses. You get numerous options in courses related to - Arts, Business, Law, Health, Engineering, Science, Service Industries, Construction and Industrial Skills. Victoria University has 11 splendid campuses - City Flinders, City King, City Queen, Footscray Nicholson, Footscray Park, Melton, Newport, St Albans, Sunbury, Sunshine and Werribee.

Special services offered by VU include changing courses, visa extensions, scholarship Opportunities and Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC). All these services help in improving job prospects of the students.

These three universities are among the top universities of Australia and have earned a reputation worldwide. So pack your bags and get ready to land in the country of kookaburra.

Top Universities of Australia

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Purdue University

University Founders

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President Lincoln signed the Morrill Land Grant Act in 1862. Stating the federal government of the United States would grant land to any state prepared use any proceeds from the sale of that land to be used for maintaining a teaching establishment for the 'mechanic arts' and agriculture. Three years later decided to take steps to create a teaching college in the state of Indiana. Today, this college, now Purdue University, is one of the biggest university systems throughout the US. Ranked high amongst all Americas top institutions. Founded using a hundred acres of donated land, fifty thousand dollars from the county of Tippecanoe, and a hundred and fifty dollars generously donate by a gentleman called John Purdue. Hence, Perdue University!

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Campus

Today, the university has six campuses and offers majors in many diverse areas. More than two hundred undergraduate and graduate programs are available. Famous for it's College of Engineering, which offers some of the best aviation and aerospace programs in the world. Boasting a world class flight school and are forerunners in aerospace development and research. Their aeronautics graduates are ranked as top new recruits within the defence industry. They were the first to offer a bachelors degree in aviation, and the first university to have it's own airport.

Research and Discovery

Purdue Research Park and the Discovery Park encompass the university grounds. The site stretches out for miles, covering over seven hundred acres, just a few miles north of Purdue University's west campus. Around a hundred and fifty biological, nanotech, medical companies, and laboratories make this the biggest technology park in the state of Indiana. More than fifty buildings make up the park today. Founded over forty years ago, it has become one of the biggest university affiliated technology parks, throughout the American states.

Moniker and Mascots

The official nickname for the Perdue University Athletes is the 'Boilermakers'. Although the shortened version, 'Boilers', it's often used when referring to any student of Perdue. First used in 1891 by a local reporter, in reference the university's winning football team. It was fast adopted by the students, and has continued to be used when referring to just about all things related to Perdue. Since nineteen forty, their official mascot, come emblem, has been the 'Boilermaker Special. A replica locomotive originally adopted to highlight Perdue's success in the field of engineering. Especially with regards to railway technology. 'Perdue Pete' is an unofficial mascot, infamous both on and off the university campus. The latest addition to the Purdue University mascot family is Rowdy. A three metre high blow up boy!

Achievements

During the mid twentieth century, the university's aviation program began to incorporate advanced spaceflight technology. Today, these programs have earned Purdue the nickname 'Cradle of Astronauts'. More than twenty NASA astronauts have come from Perdue. Including Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moons surface, and Eugene Cernan, the last man. Usually, a third of any NASA crew, selected for a manned mission, will be a graduate of Purdue. Many famous people have been associated with the university. The faculty has even won the Noble Prize.

Purdue University

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University - Defining Characteristics

Studying at a university can be the culmination of a lifelong academic dream for aspiring students. In the western world, the terms "university", "college", and "school" are used as interchangeable entities, when in fact, they have meanings that are significantly different. So what are the defining characteristics of a university?

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Universities are generally divided into multiple departments, colleges, and schools based on academic theme. For instance: The University of Southern California contains the Keck School of Medicine, the College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, and the Student Affairs Department; to name just a few of the entities that comprise the university as a whole.

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Although the exact organizational structure varies from institution to institution, nearly every university has a board of trustees, a chancellor or president, at least one vice chancellor or vice president, and multiple deans.

One of the primary defining characteristic of universities is that they offer both undergraduate and postgraduate degree programs in multiple areas of academic endeavor. During your academic career, it is possible to attend multiple schools or colleges within the same university.

Generally speaking, the acceptance requirements for a university are far more stringent than those of a community college or trade school. In fact there are some colleges that accept anyone who has a High School Diploma and can afford to pay the tuition. In almost all universities there are additional prerequisites and standards for student acceptance.

There are private and public universities. Private universities are corporations operated in similar fashion to any other corporation; the primary idea being to make a profit for its shareholders. Private universities are primarily funded by student tuition payments.

On the other hand, there are government funded universities throughout the United States. These universities are funded by the state and/or federal government in combination with student tuition payments. As a result, they do not enjoy the autonomy of private run universities. However, due to the government contributions, the tuition rates at public universities are significantly lower than at private universities.

University - Defining Characteristics

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University of Guam

The University of Guam (UOG) was originally set up in 1952 as a teacher training school that offered two year programs and was known as the Territorial College of Guam. In 1960, it was relocated to the present campus in Mangilao. It was accredited as a four-year, degree granting institution in 1965.

UOG offers bachelor's degrees in thirty-five different areas and master's degrees in twelve different areas. It awards bachelor's and associate degrees apart from graduate programs at the master's, specialist's, or professional level, with not more than two doctoral programs.

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Bachelor Degrees offered by this school

* University Of Guam Bachelor degree Visual and Performing Arts, General: A general program on the visual and performing arts that may prepare individuals in any of the visual artistic media or performing disciplines.

* Tourism and Travel Services Marketing Operations: This program is designed to mold students to take up direct retail services to hotel and motel clients. This Course incorporates the principles of hotel/motel operations, customer sales and assistance

* Technical Teacher Education: It imparts training in specific vocational technical education programs at various educational levels.

* Special Education and Teaching, General: This general program that prepares students to become special education teachers, emphasize on the design and teaching methods to children or adults with special learning needs.

* Sociology. It focuses in the systematic study of human social institutions and social relationships. The topics include social theory, sociological research methods, social stratification and hierarchies, social organization and structure etc.

* Social Science Teacher Education. This program imparts training in specific social science subjects and programs at various educational levels.

* Secondary Education and Teaching. A program that trains the students to teach students in the secondary grades, depending on the school system or state regulations.

Some of the other courses include

o Arts and Social Sciences

o Humanistic Studies

o English & Applied Linguistics (D.E.A.L.)

o Social & Behavioral Sciences

o Communication & Fine Arts

o Natural and Applied Sciences (CNAS)

o Computer Science

o Natural Sciences

o Mathematical Sciences

o Business & Public Administration (SBPA)

o School of Education (SOE)

o School of Nursing, Social Work & Health Sciences (SNSWHS)

It offers distance education program also.

Enrollment: It has a total student population of 3176 students

* Tuition: The average in state tuition fee is ,454 while out of state is ,350 and it is exclusive of books, fees and supplies. The fees might vary; however the average costs of books is around ,644 Room & Board Room and board on campus is ,785 and that of off campus is ,521

* Admissions: High school graduates with a C average or holding a GED can apply. It has an open admission policy. Applicants who are 18 or above are admitted as special students. It levies an application fee of from students.

* Special features: University of Guam is a four-year land-grant institution and the only U. S. University in the Western Pacific accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges with an endowment .5 million. This Institution has a Program Participation Agreement with the US Department of Education for eligible students to receive Pell Grants and other federal aid. It is a coeducational institution that follows semester system; and is located at a sprawling Campus of 161 acres with a planetarium, university theatre, library, Planetarium, Small Business Development Center Workshops and ISLA Center for Arts among others. President Dr. Harold L. Allen is current president of Guam University and its mission is to empower students to excel in their profession and life

Directions: .U. Torres Drive, Mangilao, GU 9692.

University of Guam

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Qualities of a Good Performing Nursing School/University

Are you planning to study in a nursing school? Do you have any idea what school performs a good quality teaching? Probably you are getting confused where to enroll. A lot of nursing schools nowadays offer nursing courses. However, some of them have poor performance. It is better that you know several qualities of a best performing nursing school.

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A good performing nursing school is recognized when it is listed in the "Top High-performing Schools". Not all schools are being included in the list. Usually the Commission on higher Education is releasing the top universities who took the board exam and got the high percentages of passers. This is sometimes the basis of many parents. They will search for the high percentage schools according to the board passers. This is a proof that the university handles and support the students until they pass the board exam.

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Another quality is a good facilities. I have seen so many nursing schools that have a nice front gate, buildings, yet with bad facilities. If I were you, before you enroll in your chosen school, try to check around their facilities, classrooms, restrooms, specially the library. Those facilities were necessary for a student.

If you are looking for a good performing school, expect it to be expensive. However, there are few nursing schools (provincial schools) that are with good quality way of teaching. Some top scorer from the nursing board exam are came from the provincial schools.

According to some people, "a good student does not depends on the school where it came from, it s how the student strives to be the best." So, whatever universities you are into, either expensive or cheap university, as long as the student is doing his/her best in school, she/he will be a good nurse.

Qualities of a Good Performing Nursing School/University

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Osmania University

Osmania University is one of the eminent Indian universities located at Hyderabad in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The university aims to disseminate knowledge through an all round development of students. Moreover, the vision of the university is underlined in its tireless efforts in blending traditional and modern wisdom in promoting technological and professional expertise.

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Colleges

University

Following is a list of colleges affiliated to Osmania University which are located on the university campus:

o College of Arts and Social Sciences:

o College of Science

o College of Engineering

o College of Physical Education

o College of Law

o College of Commerce and Business Management

o College of Technology

o Institute of Advanced Study in Education

In addition to the above, there are a number of colleges that are known as "constituent colleges" of Osmania University. These are:

o University College for Women

o PG College of Law

o PG College of Science

o PG College

o Nizam College

There are district PG colleges under the university located at Biknoor, Gadwal, Mahabubnagar, Medak, Mirzapur, Nalgonda, Siddipet and Vikarabad.

The university also has a distance education institute - Prof. G. Ram Reddy Centre for Distance Education - that in turn offers a number of educational programmes.

Employment Guidance

In the 1960s, the Planning Commission of the Indian government and the UGC came up with the idea of establishing employment information and guidance bureaus in universities. Consequently, Osmania University set up Osmania University Employment Bureau in 1962 with an active support from the Andhra Pradesh government. The bureau is located in a separate building on the campus of the university.

Some of the services provided by the Osmania University Employment Bureau are:

o Providing employment related guidance to present students and alumni of the university

o Providing psychological support, career talks and group discussions regarding career planning as per the students' academic qualifications, aptitude and interests

o Providing access to a well-stocked library with updated books on employment opportunities, fellowships, scholarships, admissions etc.

o Conducting industry visits and on-campus lectures of eminent industry specialists

o Conducting career conferences and seminars on job orientation

o Providing updated information on vacancies in the job market

Facilities for International Students

Osmania University has its doors open for foreign students who come over for higher education and research. At any given time, there are over 650 students hailing from more than 46 countries enrolled in the university colleges. The Foreign Relations Office of the university provides necessary support and guidance to international students.

Due to its unending efforts for and services to the education sector of India, the Osmania University has been awarded five stars by UGC's National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).

Osmania University

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What University Has the Highest Enrollment?

In June The Times released The Good University Guide 2009 which ranks the top Universities in the UK on such factors as student satisfaction, research quality, and the ratio between students and staff. Although many elements must be taken into account when deciding which institution to apply for, it occurred to me that one of the most popular questions asked online concerns simply the number of students enrolling at our universities. The following discusses a selection of the listed universities in regards to their Times rankings, as well as the number of students enrolling.

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Imperial College London. The highest ranking of the big city colleges, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine has held its spot at number three for another year in The Times rankings. Founded just over a hundred years ago, as the college turned a century there were 13,410 students in total with 5,060 studying at postgraduate level. The institution is located in South Kensington and the current acceptance rate of undergraduate admissions is 17.5 per cent.

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University of Birmingham. In terms of the second most highly populated city in England, The University of Birmingham currently ranks the highest according to The Times at number 25. In comparison to Imperial the student staff ratio is lower but the intake of students is far greater. In the year 06/07 the total amount of students was 30,415 with 11,935 taking postgraduate studies. As of 2008, the institution has now split into five colleges, each with its own specialism.

University of Essex. So to find the better student to staff ratio should you choose to enroll at a smaller university? The up and coming University of Essex follows this rule with a ratio of 14.1 students per staff member. The Higher Education Statistic Agency published that for 2006 - 2007 there were 11,660 students in total with 3,305 postgraduates enrolled. Although a relatively young university, the institution is also becoming highly regarded in terms of online education.

University of Oxford. The highest ranking according to The Times, the University of Oxford remains at number one for another year. This honour comes from a combination of a good student to staff ratio of 11.6 and a very high satisfaction percentage among students at 84 per cent. From 2006 to 2007 there were 19,070 students in total with over a third being postgraduates. Acceptance of students from state schools in 2006 was 25 per cent.

What University Has the Highest Enrollment?

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The University Cafeteria

Cafeterias and restaurants are important in university campuses. The largest Cafeteria of the university designed for use by staff, students and visitors is generally the most visited component of a university. It is also a place where students and faculty can take their visitors for a brief coffee break or a lunch hour visit. A well-designed Central cafeteria, housed perhaps in the student center adds to functional efficiency of the university. For here, the lunch hour can be combined with a visit to the bank, post office and the book store along with a friendly exchange of words with colleagues, fellow students, visitors, staff and faculty who may be visiting the same building at the same time. Universities where such centers are not common would do well to plan for it on their campuses.

university

As mentioned, the ideal location for the central cafeteria of a university is the student center. The student center building containing the cafeteria, along with the administration building can easily be designed as the two largest buildings on a university campus because of their central and essential functions. Both of these buildings need to be accessed from the academic departments as well as by outsiders and vehicles. Therefore, their placement in the university in conjunction with parking areas and the university boulevard has to be incorporated in the master plan. The best location for a student center on a campus is a location close to the administration building but towards the student residential area. It must also be close to the University Boulevard and Visitors Parking area. The building needs to be surrounded by lawns and gardens containing benches for sitting.

University

The university cafeteria needs to be spacious not just because of the large number of its visitors but also because spacing between tables should ideally be much more than the spacing between tables in an ordinary restaurant. Students often use these tables to read or complete an assignment along with a snack, lunch or dinner. The acoustic design of a university cafeteria should be such as to minimize noise level. Using non-reflecting wall coverings and providing sections of the cafeteria that can be opened to surroundings during busy hours takes care of this need. Music may never be permitted inside a university cafeteria for the same reason. Other sound proof sections of the student center can be designed to permit music.

It may be mentioned that a university cafeteria needs to serve nutritious food at subsidized rates. Its primary clients are students, who are not earning members of society. Two different models for running such cafeterias are prevalent. In the first one, the university gives out a contract to a private caterer. In the second, the university runs its own food services department and runs the cafeteria by hiring the required staff. Both models have inherent limitations. When services are contracted out to a private caterer he gets an assured and captive clientele without having to face competition of the open market. This can, and often does lead to deterioration in the quality of food and service. Although contracts are for limited periods of time, university food contractors tend to stick on for various reasons.

On the other hand, when a university runs the cafeteria on its own, we end up with a problem similar to the problem that state enterprises face. A staff assured of employment yet unconcerned about profits can lead to a costly establishment providing a poor service. A novel solution to the problem is to provide a set of small kitchens - five or six - instead of a single large one. These kitchens are then hired out to separate caterers or restaurants serving different types of food. The maintenance and cleaning of the premises as well as billing are entrusted to staff hired by the university. A common billing clerk charges the appropriate amounts for food from different counters. The practice is to provide a plastic tray and cutlery at the entrance of the food counter enclosure. After the desired items of food are procured in the enclosure a customer proceeds for billing in much the same way as billing in a supermarket. The billing of food items is done at the exit of this enclosure. The billing done on a computer easily segregates and divides the proceeds between the different caterers. A separate counter for hot and cold beverages (requiring the least effort in preparation) is kept under the direct control of the university department. Profits from it help maintain the cafeteria.

A clause in the contract with caterers ensures that the caterer with the least cumulative sales (i.e. the least popular one) shall not have his contract renewed in the subsequent year. Poor caterers thus last for a year, while a good one can remain forever at the university. This system introduces competition amongst caterers and provides for constant improvement. The best of the caterers can be sure of long contracts, whereas the poor ones would be quickly changed. The fact that the university provides space, cutlery, utilities, and some of the staff to run the cafeteria automatically introduces a measure of subsidy that can translate into lower costs. In this competitive system, the university need not control the costs since an expensive caterer will generally not be popular with students. Some ground rules have to be specified in this food court, such as the number of items each caterer may prepare.

A campus without a good cafetaria is a barren one.

The University Cafeteria

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